Design and implementation of nodes for the agricultural information wireless monitoring

Aim:
The aim of this project is to designing nodes for the agricultural information monitoring
using wireless networks using ZigBee and GSM.
Problem:
Now a day for agriculture we are not yet started using advance technologies to monitor
different parameters like temperature and soil etc. Due to that farmers are facing so many
problems. To avoid those things we are implementing a project which will work automatically.
The purpose of this project is to improve the irrigation system of Indian agriculture and also to provide
adequate irrigation to particular area.
Objective:
Primarily of agricultural environment for social modernization of Indian agricultural system. In
our project, we are basically concentrating on following applications such as:

1) To continuously monitor the soil moisture.
2) To continuously monitor the water level of well.
3) To check the temperature, humidity and dew point so as to forecast the weather
condition.
4) To monitor & control the whole system through GSM module.
5) Provide the detail information about the field condition to the user through SMS.
6) Maintain faithful irrigation of the farm field

A developed sensor node, which can monitor soil temperature, is designed through modular
design method. The hardware of sensor node is base on a ARM7 micro-controller and LM35
temperature sensor. The software system includes the temperature collection, information
transmission, and the communication between two nodes. The node can collect soil temperature
information and then send it to upper network node. The designed node possesses compact
structure, stable performance, and small volume. This study provide better hardware platform for
further researching the communication protocols of wireless sensor networks.
Wireless sensor network technologies have enabled sensor nodes to be deployed in quantity to
gather environmental parameters and to detect certain events by using inexpensive micro
controllers and low-cost RF hardware. They advocate the deployment of a WSN in agriculture

because of its small size, low fixed cost and simplicity of wiring. This involves monitoring soil,
crop and climate conditions in a field, generalizing the result and providing a decision support
system for treatments or taking differential action such as real time variation of fertilizer or
pesticide application.
The user communicates with the centralized unit through SMS. The centralized unit
communicates with the system through SMS which will be received by the GSM with the help of the SIM
card. The GSM sends this data to ARM7. ARM7 also continuously receives the data from sensors in
some form of codes. After processing, this data is displayed on the LCD. The communication between
various devices takes place through RS232.
A newly developed smart sensor node that can monitor the soil temperature in precision
agriculture is researched in detail in this paper. The node hardware consists of temperature
sensor module, microprocessor module, digital data transmission module and energy model. This
design uses the microprocessor module and digital data transmission module, which could
simply design RF circuit. The sensor module uses digital temperature sensor LM35

Technology:
Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard. It
is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the existing non-

PC or Micro
controller

Zigbee
Module

standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe,
914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-
rate of 250kbps.
Zigbee is used to verify whether user’s truncation is possible or not. One of the main
advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free communication, the
amount of noise added in this type of communication is very less compared to the other wireless
communications.
Hardware Requirement:
 ARM7 microcontroller
 Zigbee modules
 Soil sensor
 Max232
 Soil Moisture Sensor
 Water Level Indicator
 Temperature Sensor
 Humidity Sensor
 LCD Display
 GSM Modem
 Power Supply.
SOFTWARE Requirement:
1. Embedded C
2. Keil Uvision
3. Flash magic
4. Express PCB
Application Areas:
 Irrigation systems
Advantages:
 compact structure and small volume

 reduced maintenance costs significantly.
 RESULT:
This project finds application in domestic agricultural field. In civilian domain, this can be used to
ensure faithful irrigation of farm field, since we have the option of finding out moisture level of soil
in a particular area.